{"id":59376,"date":"2016-05-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-05-17T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/1office.co\/blog\/lopetage-e-residendiga-hirmutamine\/"},"modified":"2018-02-14T09:08:30","modified_gmt":"2018-02-14T09:08:30","slug":"lopetage-e-residendiga-hirmutamine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/1office.co\/et\/blog\/lopetage-e-residendiga-hirmutamine\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00f5petage e-residendiga hirmutamine"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c4rip\u00e4ev avaldas 25. aprillil juhtkirja<\/a> ja kolm artiklit ohtudest, mis v\u00f5ivad tekkida, kui kaotada \u00e4ri\u00fchingu juhatuse Eestis asumise n\u00f5ue. Justiitsministeeriumi ettepanek n\u00f5ude kaotamiseks<\/a> on sisuliselt Eesti \u00fchinguid juhtivate e-residentide ja mitteresidentide legaliseerimine. T\u00e4nane asukohan\u00f5ue on segane ning riik ei ole suutnud seda sisustada ega kontrollida.
\nSten Luiga<\/a>, Janek Maasik<\/a> ja Terje Eipre<\/a> leidsid, et juhatuse Eesti asukohan\u00f5ude kaotamine oleks viga, sest hoogustuks majanduskuritegevus ja halveneks v\u00f5lausaldajate seisukord. Notarite koja esimees Tarvo Puri oponeeris \u00c4rip\u00e4evas<\/a>, sama tegi Postimehes vandeadvokaat Imbi J\u00fcrgen<\/a>. Tarvo Puri leidis, et asukohan\u00f5ude kaotamine ei tekita juurde \u00fchtegi probleemi ja maksuparadiisiks muutumise jutt on alusetu. Esile toodud probleemid on olemas ka e-residentideta ning nendega pole siiani piisava p\u00f5hjalikkusega tegeletud.
\nN\u00f5ustun kahe viimase v\u00e4itega: v\u00e4lismaalaste tulekuga hirmutamise taktika ja Panamaks muutumise bluff varjavad asjaolu, et tegelikud probleemid lasuvad mujal ning juhatuse asukohan\u00f5ude kaotamises pole midagi ohtlikku.<\/p>\n

E-residentide tulek on v\u00f5imalus<\/h3>\n

\u00c4rganud huvigrupid soovivad ettev\u00f5tluskeskkonna \u00fcldistele probleemidele rohkem riigi t\u00e4helepanu t\u00f5mmata. Justiitsministeeriumist koosk\u00f5lastusringile saadetud \u00e4riseadustiku eeln\u00f5u ei lahenda kahjuks midagi v\u00f5lausaldajate kaitse osas, ajale jalgu j\u00e4\u00e4nud juhatuse asukohan\u00f5ue asenduks j\u00f5ustumisel sama sisut\u00fchja kontaktisiku-n\u00f5udega. Majanduskuritegude uurimine on praegu sama kehvas olukorras kui sisejulgeoleku rahastamine tervikuna. Politseijuhi aus tunnistus, et k\u00f5iki kuritegusid ei j\u00f5uta uurida, olgu \u00e4ratuseks poliitikutele.<\/p>\n

Heausklike v\u00f5lausaldajate mureks on minu hinnangul ennek\u00f5ike kodumaised petturid, kellega riik pole tegelenud. Vaevalt et India programmeerija ja Ukraina veebipoe pidaja suudavad Eestis endale suure hulga v\u00f5lgu tekitada. Edukaks pettuseks on vaja usaldust, mida v\u00e4lismaalasel ei ole lihtne v\u00e4lja teenida. Pakun ettev\u00f5tjana omalt poolt v\u00e4lja sisulisi lahendusi petturite v\u00e4ljajuurimiseks ja kutsun \u00fcles avalikule diskussioonile.<\/p>\n

1. Positiivne krediidiregister<\/h3>\n

Positiivne krediidiregister on kirjas koalitsioonilepingus, kuid \u00fchtegi sammu esimese valitsemisaasta jooksul selles suunas pole tehtud.<\/strong>
\nFaktidel p\u00f5hinev positiivne krediidireiting on iga suurema tarbimis- ja krediidisoovi puhul n\u00f5utav Suurbritannias, seda nii firmade kui ka eraisikute puhul. Suurbritannias on vastavad registrid erafirmade k\u00e4es. Eestis saaks riik selle soovi korral enda \u00f5lule v\u00f5tta. E-riigil on nimelt suur eelis tohutu infohulga t\u00f5ttu, mis praegu juba m\u00e4rkamatult koguneb. Avalikustatud maksude, t\u00f6\u00f6tajate registri, igakuiste k\u00e4ibemaksudeklaratsioonide ja \u201e1000-euroste arvete\u201c andmete t\u00f6\u00f6tlemisel reitinguks saab kreeditor v\u00e4ga palju v\u00e4rskeid andmeid \u00e4ri\u00fchingu usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rsuse kontrollimiseks. Soovi korral saaks riik sellise registri siduda ettev\u00f5tjaportaaliga, luues maailma l\u00e4bipaistvaima \u00e4rikeskkonna \u2013 miks seada v\u00e4iksemat eesm\u00e4rki? Negatiivse reitinguga \u00fchingule krediidi v\u00f5imaldamine on siis juba teadlik \u00e4ririsk.<\/p>\n

2. N\u00f5uete p\u00f6\u00f6ramine kahju tekitanud juhatuse liikmete vastu<\/h3>\n

V\u00f5lgade sissen\u00f5udmine vastutavalt juhatuse liikmelt.<\/strong>
\nMajanduskuritegude b\u00fcroo juhi intervjuu t\u00f5i v\u00e4lja, et probleemiks on v\u00e4lismaised tankistid, kellele m\u00fc\u00fcakse v\u00f5lgades ettev\u00f5tted. V\u00f5lausaldajate v\u00f5imalused sellistelt ettev\u00f5tetelt raha k\u00e4ttesaamisel on peaaegu olematud, enamasti ei algatata ka pankrotimenetlust. Tihti on v\u00e4lja vahetatud ettev\u00f5tte osanikud ja juhatus, mist\u00f5ttu varatule \u00fchingule n\u00f5uet esitades pole midagi head loota. Siin on oluline m\u00f5ista, et firmad m\u00fc\u00fcakse k\u00fcll tankistidele, aga kahju riigile v\u00f5i v\u00f5lausaldajatele on tekitanud ennek\u00f5ike eelmised omanikud ja juhatuse liikmed. Juhatuse liikme vastu esitatava n\u00f5ude aegumist\u00e4htaeg on praegu viis aastat. Miks ei n\u00f5uta v\u00f5lgu neid tegelikult p\u00f5hjustanud juhatuselt?<\/p>\n

3. \u00c4rikeeldude j\u00f5ulisem rakendamine ja piiri\u00fclene koost\u00f6\u00f6<\/h3>\n

Vajalik on politsei, maksuameti, notarite ja Tartu maakohtu suurem roll kantimise t\u00f5kestamisel.<\/strong>
\nAvaldatud info 700 variisiku 10 000 ettev\u00f5ttega pani mind m\u00f5tlema, miks neile pole \u00e4rikeelde seatud, kui neid juba defineeritakse variisikutena? Kas \u00e4rikeeldude m\u00e4\u00e4ramine on liiga keeruline? Justiitsminister Reinsalu v\u00e4lja k\u00e4idud Euroopa \u00e4rikeeldude register oleks kindlasti abiks v\u00e4lisriikide kodanikest tankistide t\u00f5kestamiseks. Praegu j\u00e4lgivad notarid ainult Eesti ja Soome \u00e4rikeelde, k\u00f5igi teiste riikide kodanikele on t\u00f6\u00f6p\u00f5ld avatud. Registri andmed peavad olema sobivad ka kannete keelamiseks ettev\u00f5tjaportaalis.<\/p>\n

4. Juhatuse tagasikutsumise, m\u00e4\u00e4ramise ja osadega tehingute keeld<\/h3>\n

\u00c4riregistri kannete ja kustutamise t\u00f5kestamine v\u00f5lgades ettev\u00f5tte puhul.<\/strong>
\nKaaluda tuleks ka v\u00f5imalust mitte lasta vahetada juhatuse liiget ja osanikku olukorras, kus ettev\u00f5ttel on maksuv\u00f5lg v\u00f5i k\u00e4imasolev t\u00e4itemenetlus. See v\u00f5imaldaks v\u00e4listada v\u00f5lgades \u00fchingu kantimise tankistile juba eos ja vastutust j\u00e4\u00e4b kandma tegelikult olukorra p\u00f5hjustanud juhatuse liige. Suurbritannias v\u00f5ib ettev\u00f5tte kustutamise \u00e4riregistrist (Companies House) peatada maksuamet (HMRC), sama \u00f5iguse saab anda Eesti maksuametile ning vajadusel ka kohtut\u00e4ituritele. Praegu k\u00fcsitakse maksuameti n\u00f5usolekut vaid vabatahtliku l\u00f5petamise korral.<\/p>\n

5. Majandusaasta aruande esitamata j\u00e4tmisel k\u00f5rged trahvid ja piirangud<\/h3>\n

Majandusaasta aruande esitamata j\u00e4tmine tuleb sanktsioneerida.<\/strong>
\nMaksuameti haldusalasse liikuv majandusaasta aruannete j\u00e4lgimine loob v\u00f5imaluse paremaks kontrolliks. Trahv esitamata aruande eest \u00fchingule v\u00f5i juhatuse liikmele distsiplineerib ka v\u00e4ikesi kodumaiseid optimeerijaid ja kroonilisi maksupettureid, kes praegu loodavad esitamata andmete korral sundlikvideerimise peale. Maksuametil on k\u00f5ik \u00f5igused trahve mittetasunud \u00fchingu pangakontode arestimiseks. Trahvi suuruse saab soovi korral suurema m\u00f5ju nimel siduda n\u00e4iteks eelmise majandusaasta k\u00e4ibega.<\/p>\n

Rootsis on esimene trahv majandusaasta aruande esitamata j\u00e4tmisel 5000 Rootsi krooni ning maksmata n\u00f5ue liigub kiirelt t\u00e4itevametile (Kronofogden) sissen\u00f5udmiseks. Neil omakorda on ulatuslikud volitused ettev\u00f5tte tegevuse peatamiseks n\u00f5ude tasumiseni. Suurbritannias on esimene trahv 150 naela ja see suureneb perioodiliselt.
\nVeel j\u00f5ulisem meede oleks juhatuse tagasikutsumise, m\u00e4\u00e4ramise ja osadega tehingute keeld \u00fchingul, mille majandusaasta aruanne on esitamata v\u00f5i maksuameti poolt heaks kiitmata.<\/p>\n

Kokkuv\u00f5te<\/h3>\n

Kirjeldatud meetmed on vaid \u00fcks n\u00e4ide sellest, kuidas e-residentide tulekuga hirmutamise asemele saame r\u00e4\u00e4kida lahendustest. Juhul kui nende ettepanekute rakendumisest ei piisa, j\u00e4\u00e4b meile veel v\u00f5imalus e-arved kohustuslikuks muuta ka erasektoris, koos maksuameti ligip\u00e4\u00e4suga andmetele. \u00c4risaladuste lekkimise oht on sellise s\u00fcsteemi puhul v\u00e4ga suur. Turvalise s\u00fcsteemi loomine oleks v\u00e4ljakutse, milles e-riik Eesti saaks Euroopas olla eestvedaja rollis. Positiivne k\u00fclg oleks see, et me hoiame masint\u00f6\u00f6deldavate andmete arvelt kokku palju inimtunde ning saame hoida digitaalmajanduse liidri staatust.
\nKui me v\u00f5tame \u00fchiseks eesm\u00e4rgiks ettev\u00f5tlusalaste seaduste t\u00e4iendamise ja t\u00e4itmise tagamise, siis paraneb t\u00e4nu sellele k\u00f5igi ausate ettev\u00f5tjate elu ja prestii\u017e. Korras kodumaine \u00e4rikeskkond oleks t\u00e4iendav kasu suurep\u00e4rast kajastust leidnud e-residentsuse projektist. Riigi vastutus on n\u00fc\u00fcd huvigruppide p\u00f6\u00f6rdumistele adekvaatselt vastata.<\/p>\n

PS. Peaksime endalt k\u00fcsima, mis juhtub siis, kui kaotada ettev\u00f5tte juhatuse Eestis asumise n\u00f5ue, ilma et muutuks \u00e4riseadustik ministeeriumi v\u00e4ljapakutud kujul? Reaalsuses asutatakse ka praegu ettev\u00f5tteid, mille juhatus ei asu Eestis. Keegi seda ju ei kontrolli, sellele juhtis t\u00e4helepanu ka notarite koja esimees.<\/p>\n

N\u00f5ustuda saab ka Sten Luiga kommentaariga, et \u201ekirjatuvist kontaktisik\u201c v\u00f5lausaldajate olukorda ei paranda. Juba praegu kehtivas \u00e4riseadustikus kirjeldatu \u00fcletab Tartu Maakohtu ressursse, aga kohtul tuleks tegeleda ka eeln\u00f5us pakutud t\u00e4iendava uurimist\u00f6\u00f6ga, tuvastamaks juhatuse asukohta ning kontrollimaks t\u00f5endeid.<\/p>\n

Loe ka \u00c4rip\u00e4evast<\/a><\/p>\n

Ivar Veskioja
\n1Office Grupp
\nPartner<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1Office Grupi partner Ivar Veskioja kirjutab \u00c4rip\u00e4evas sellest, miks on lahendamata probleemid Eesti \u00f5iguskeskkonnas riigi tegemata t\u00f6\u00f6.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":60740,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_wp_rev_ctl_limit":""},"categories":[353,354,363],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59376","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eesti","category-e-residentsus","category-uk-et","category-353","category-354","category-363","description-off"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nL\u00f5petage e-residendiga hirmutamine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"1Office Grupi partner Ivar Veskioja kirjutab \u00c4rip\u00e4evas sellest, miks on lahendamata probleemid Eesti \u00f5iguskeskkonnas riigi tegemata t\u00f6\u00f6.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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